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2019
Did the Galician-Volhynian knights take part in the War between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order in 1327–1332? By comparing the texts of epistolary and narrative sources, the circumstances of the participation of Władysław I the Elbow-high allies in the war of the Kingdom of Poland with the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia are clarified. The participation of the Galician-Volhynian knights in the royal army campaign of 1330 which is widespread in Polish historiography is questioned. Instead, it is assumed that the Rus’ mentioned in the message of Grand Master of the Teutonic Order Luther von Braunschweig to Pope John XXII belonged to the army of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
The problem of the Polish gentry’s participation in the generated by the Teutonic Order Crusades of European nobility in Lithuania is examined. The reasons and circumstances that made the Polish knights to travel in Prussia for participation in the in the campaigns of Teutonic Order are cleared. The membership of Order based on the materials of universal Armorials is analyzed.
Российская история. 2019. № 4. С. 116-134
Политическое развитие Галицко-Волынской Руси в 1240-1340 гг. и отношения с Ордой2019 •
Проаналізовано типологічні особливості ударної зброї X–XIV ст. – кістенів, знайдених на землях Волинського та Галицького князівств. Обґрунтовується висновок про місцеві особливості видового складу кістенів. Ключові слова: археологічні знахідки, ударна зброя, кістень, Волинське та Галицьке князівства. War-flails belongs to the axe type of weapon and consists of a weigh fastened to the handle with a flexible gążwa (eg. a thong). Flail fight was based on quick circular movements of the thong and weighs and hitting. As early as 3000 BC this type of weapon originated from the mace-like objects with holes containg thong fragments. The alleged exemplars of this type of weapon are associated with the 3 rd-4 th cent. Sarmatian tombs. The earliest flails in the early medieval Europe appeared among the Avars (7 th – 8 th cent.) later (second half of the 8 th – 10 th cent.) they became popular among the Khazars. This type of weapon was astonishingly popular in Ruthenia, where it appeared probably thanks to the Khazars, beaten in 965 AD by the Duke Svyatoslav. In the next centuries (to be more precise – till the 16 th century) flails became one of the most distinctive features of the Old Ukrainian culture. The current collection of flails found in Halych and Volynian land consists of more than 50 artefacts and their parts. Nine of them were made of bones and horns (pict. 1), others – of iron, lead and bronze (pict. 2). Type I (Kirpičnikov classification) is represented by the artefacts made of bones and horns. The earlier artefacts of the Avar and Khazar stands in Ruthenia are dated on the second half of the 10 th to the 13 th cent. Flails from Halych, Plisnesk, Stupnycia, Cherven, Zvenygorod, castle near Shepetivka and castle Bozok are included in this type. There are some images associated with the Rurykowicze symbols which are placed on the artefacts from Zvenygorod; they can be dated on the 11 th-13 th cent. The flail from Cherven case looks similar. This unique exemplar has two relief images of the Ukrainian dignitary – Boyar as well as the image of half-woman and half-bird with a fish-like tail. The artefacts from Zvenygorod and castle Bozok is dated on the first half of the 12 th –13 th cent. and has a characteristic iron mandrel used for the thong fastening. The last one belonging to this type of flails is the one from Zvenygorod; due to its form has no direct analogies in the published material. It is dated on the second half of the 10 th-13 th cent. which is proved by the artefacts accompanying it. Iron flails represent type II (Dorogobuzh, Zelenche, Cherven, castle near Shepetivka) and type IV (Peremyl). Due to the unclear character of the finding, the first one can be dated on the second half of the 10 th-13 th cent. Among bronze flails we can distinguish type IIA (Peresopnycia) and IIIA (Halychyna) which are examples of the greatest Old Ukrainian craftsmen artistry. These flails, primarily cast in copper forms mainly by the southern Ruthenian craftsmen are richly decorated in the manner characteristic for the 12 th-13 th cent. Because of that they were probably more a warrior status symbol than a real weapon. It is worth mentioning that the artefact from Gorodok due to its small size is treated like a toy.
RUDN Journal of Russian History / Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России
Bendin, Alexandre Yu. Role of the Roman Catholic clergy of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire in the 1863 polish uprising / Бендин А.Ю. Роль римско-католического духовенства Северо-Западного края Российской империи в польском восстании 1863 г.The article considers the problems of forming the religious component of the Polish uprising in 1863 in the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the relationship between the Roman Catholic clergy and its laity in the process of the religious mobilization of the participants in the uprising. The article reveals the methods of influence of the radically-minded clergy on the consciousness and political behavior of the laity. There is shown that the spiritual power of the Roman Catholic clergy was used to achieve the political goals of the liberation of Poland. There is established the relationship between the religious motivation of the participants in the uprising and the brutality towards the law-abiding population in various forms of insurgent terror and violence. The author comes to the conclusion that radically-minded Roman Catholic priests and monks managed to turn the church doctrine into a mobilizing ideology of the armed struggle. Religious legitimization, propaganda and organization of the armed uprising turned a part of the Roman Catholic clergy of the Northwestern Krai into a political enemy of the Russian Empire. The article deals with the retaliatory measures of punishment applied to the rebellious representatives of the clergy on the part of the administration of M.N. Muravyov, which were caused by the conditions of martial law, the necessity to protect the territorial integrity of the state, to protect the lives and property of law-abiding citizens. In this regard, the Russian government, army, society and the Orthodox population of Lithuania and Belarus perceived the uprising as an attempt on the part of the Polish separatists on the ancestral Russian territory. Therefore, for the Russian side, the goals of the armed struggle were not the return of the Polish land, but the morally justified protection of the Russian land and the Russian people living in the West who had the same faith. In this regard, the author comes to the conclusion that in the process of preparing and carrying out the uprising, some of the Roman Catholic clergy of the Northwestern Kraiacted as a political enemy of the Russian Empire.
Совершенствование системы подготовки кадров в высшем учебном заведении в контексте современных вызовов [Электронный ресурс] : сб. науч. ст. / ГрГУ им. Я. Купалы ; редкол.: В. М. Кривчиков (гл. ред.). – Электронные данные, объёмом 6 МБ. – Гродно, 2015. – С. 245–246.
Дячок О. О. Хроніст А. Ґваньїні про запорожців у польсько-литовському війську на території Білорусі у 1560-х роках2015 •
Deals with the analysis o f the chronicler Alessandro Guagnini's messages about participation o f Zaporozhian Cossacks in the operations o f the Polish-Lithuanian troops on the territory of contemporary Belarus in the time o f the Livonian War in a comparison to other historical sources.
Иноземцы в России в XV-XVII веках. М., 2006. С. 35–58.
Царские «желдаки» и другие выходцы из Речи Посполитой в составе московских выборных солдатских полков (1657–1671 годы) – Tsar`s "zheldaks" (Polish soldiers) and other natives of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Moscow elite (“vybornyje”) soldiers ' regiments (1657-1671)2006 •
The article is devoted to immigrants from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, who served as part of the Moscow elite ("vybornyje") soldiers 'regiments in a separate "zheldatskaya" company, as well as military musicians from the creation of these regiments in 1657-58. during the Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667. to the suppression of the rebel movement of Stepan Razin in 1671. - Статья посвящена выходцам из Речи Посполитой, служившим в составе московских элитных («выборных») солдатских полков в составе отдельной «желдацкой» роты, а также в качестве военных музыкантов от создания этих полков в 1657-58 гг. в ходе русско-польской войны 1654-1667 гг. до подавления повстанческого движения Степана Разина в 1671 г.
2017 •
The relations between the Kingdom of Rus’ and the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia at Yurii II times are studied. The contents of the agreements concluded by the prince of Rus’ and crusaders are analyzed. A hypothesis is made that after the death of the last Romanovych family members in the autumn 1324 aristocracy of Rus’ sent en-voys to the Great Duke of Lithuania Gediminas to approve of Boleslav Troidenovych candidature for the throne of Rus’. A famous in the historiography belief that knights of Rus’ took part in the Polish-Teutonic war (1327–1332) is reconsidered.
The Duchy of Courland in the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (second half of the 16th century — end of the 17th century)
Евстратьев, О. Курляндское герцогство в политической системе Речи Посполитой (вторая половина XVI – конец XVIII вв.) // Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne = Беларускі гістарычны зборнік. № 47. Беласток, Беларускае гiстарычнае таварыства, 2017. С. 44–562017 •
The article contains an analysis of the situation of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in military, political, socio-economic, religious and cultural terms. It is concluded that Courland’s vassalage from the Polish-Lithuanian state was moderate in character. The author proposes a periodization of the history of mutual relations between the socio-historical entities in question, focusing on the weakening of the influence of the dominant state upon the vassal state.
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